Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder affect far more than appetite. The mouth often shows the earliest and most visible signs of strain. When the body lacks nutrients, it draws from wherever it can, and teeth tend to take the hit first. Enamel weakens, gums lose resilience and the soft tissues inside the mouth become more vulnerable.

In anorexia, limited intake of calcium, vitamin D and other nutrients reduces the strength of enamel and slows natural repair. This often leads to tooth decay, dry mouth, cracked lips and irritated gums. Bulimia adds the challenge of repeated acid exposure from vomiting. Stomach acid wears away enamel, leaving teeth sensitive, thin along the edges and more prone to breaking. The inside of the cheeks and the roof of the mouth can also show cuts or ulcerations from repeated contact with acid or from vomiting behaviours.

Binge eating brings its own set of issues. Long sessions of snacking or consuming sugary or acidic foods create a constant supply of fuel for cavity-causing bacteria. When teeth do not get a break, the risk of decay rises sharply.

Signs Dental Professionals Watch For

• Enamel wear and changes in tooth shape or colour
  Acid erosion often begins on the back surfaces of the upper front teeth. The edges may look thin or uneven, and teeth may appear shorter than usual.

• Mouth sores and soft tissue injuries
  Ulcers, scrapes or bruising on the palate or cheeks can point to self-induced vomiting. Dental professionals also watch for calluses on fingers that may indicate purging.

• Dry mouth and swollen salivary glands
  Reduced saliva from dehydration, medication or vomiting makes the mouth feel dry and increases cavity risk. Enlarged salivary glands can create a rounded or puffy look near the jaw.

• Tooth sensitivity and gum irritation
  When enamel thins, the underlying dentin becomes exposed. Hot, cold or sweet foods can trigger sharp discomfort. Gums may appear red, swollen or tender.

Caring for Your Teeth During Recovery

• Avoid brushing right after vomiting
  Acid softens enamel, so brushing immediately can cause more wear. Rinse with water or fluoride mouthwash and wait at least an hour before brushing.

• Include fluoride in your routine
  High-fluoride toothpaste, varnishes or custom fluoride trays help rebuild enamel and reduce sensitivity over time.

• Chew sugar-free gum
  Stimulating saliva helps neutralize acid and supports the natural repair process.

• Keep up with dental visits
  Regular checkups allow your dentist to monitor enamel changes, apply protective treatments and guide you on ways to reduce further damage.

Look for care that respects your healing

Eating disorders require medical and psychological support. Many dental teams work closely with therapists, physicians and dietitians to ensure care is coordinated and respectful.

Oral health often reflects what the body is going through. Addressing dental changes early can support recovery and make day-to-day eating more comfortable. For support with your oral health during an eating disorder recovery, call (416) 321-3268 to book an appointment at Dr. Salim Kapadia Dental Centre in Scarborough. Our team will assess your current oral health and advise the best treatment options to protect your teeth as you continue your recovery.